Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Authors

  • Sushma Reddy Ravula Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Father Colombo Institute of Medical Sciences, 506001 Author
  • Dr Garima Sinha Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical care, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, UP. Author
  • Dr Safoora Siddiqui Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical College and Research Institute, SABVMCRI Bangalore Author
  • Dr Avinash Kumar Associate Professor, Department of ENT AND Head AND Neck Surgery, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur. UP Author

Keywords:

postoperative nausea and vomiting; PONV; Apfel score; elective surgery; antiemetic prophylaxis; postoperative opioids; risk factors

Abstract

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common perioperative complication that can delay recovery, increase patient discomfort, and prolong postoperative care. Identification of high-risk patients is essential for effective prevention. This study evaluated the incidence and perioperative risk factors associated with PONV among patients undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: The primary outcome was the occurrence of PONV within the first 24 postoperative hours. Associations between potential risk factors and PONV were assessed using univariable analysis followed by multivariable binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results: PONV occurred in 63 of 220 patients, giving an overall incidence of 28.6%. The incidence increased progressively from 8.7% among patients with no simplified Apfel risk factors to 60.0% among those with four risk factors (P<0.001).

Conclusion: PONV affected more than one-quarter of elective surgical patients. Female sex, previous PONV or motion sickness, postoperative opioid exposure, and prolonged anesthesia were significant predictors, whereas multimodal antiemetic prophylaxis was protective.

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Published

2025-02-10

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Volume 01 Issue 01 2025

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Sushma Reddy Ravula, Dr Garima Sinha, Dr Safoora Siddiqui, Dr Avinash Kumar (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited.

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How to Cite

Sushma Reddy Ravula, Dr Garima Sinha, Dr Safoora Siddiqui, & Dr Avinash Kumar. (2025). Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL, MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, 1(1), 09-20. https://ijcmhs.com/index.php/ijcmhs/article/view/15